Metals and Non-Metals


 
 
Concept Explanation
 

Metals and Non-Metals

Substance which cannot be broken down into two (or more) simpler substances by chemical reactions (by applying heat, light or electricity) is called an element. For example, iron is an element because it cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances. by chemical reactions of applying heat.

  • Please note that the elements themselves are the simplest substances. That is why they cannot be broken down (or split up) into any more simpler substances.
  • Some of the common elements are : Hydrogen, Helium, Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Sulphur, Phosphorus, Silicon, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium, Aluminium, Iron, Zinc, Copper, Silver, Gold and Mercury.
  • Every element is represented by a 'symbol'. All the elements have separate symbols. No two elements can have the same symbol. A symbol is the short way to write an element. For example, the symbol of Hydrogen is H whereas the symbol of Magnesium is Mg.
  • The smallest particle of an element is called 'atom'. A sample of an element contains only one kind of atoms,
  • This gives us another definition of element which can be written as : An element is a substance which is made up of only one kind of atoms.
  • There are as many type of atoms as are elements. So, different elements are made up of different kinds of atoms. For example, sulphur element is made up of only sulphur atoms whereas iron element is made up of only iron atoms.
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    Sample Questions
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    Question : 1

    Which of the following are correct :

    (a) The smallest particle of an element is called molecule.

    (b) Iron is an element because it cannot be broken down into two or more simpler substances.

    (c) Metals are malleable and ductile elements which are good conductors of heat and electricity.

    Right Option : C
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    Explanation
    Question : 2

    Complete the reaction:   large Non-metal+acidrightarrow

    Right Option : D
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    Explanation
    Question : 3

    Which of the following are correct :

    (a) An element is a substance which is made up of only one kind of atoms.

    (b) Non-metals are not lustrous or shiny, they are dull in appearance.

    (c) Every element is represented by a 'symbol'.

    Right Option : D
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